Lesson 29:Funny or not?
是不是可笑？
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is the basis of 'sick' humour?
Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on were we have been brought up. The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
Most funny stories are based on comic situations. In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films. However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into fashion. It is called 'sick humour'. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situation like violent death or serious accidents. Many people find this sort of joke distasteful The following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to judge for yourself.
A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas. From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home. He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. Though the doctors did his best, the patient's recovery was slow. On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster. He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing. The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The good. The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Years' Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him. In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals. He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
largely
adv. 在非常大程度上
comic
adj. 喜剧的，可笑的
universal
adj. 普通的
comedian
n. 滑稽演员，喜剧演员
distasteful
adj. 讨厌的
pester
v. 一再需要，纠缠
dread
v. 惧怕
recovery
n. 康复
plaster
n. 熟石膏
console
v. 安慰，慰问
hobble
v. 瘸着腿走
compensate
v. 补偿
mumble
v. 喃喃而语
参考译文
大家感觉一则笑话是不是好笑，非常大程度取决于大家是在什么地方长大的。幽默感与民族有着神秘莫测的联系。譬如，法国人听完一则俄国笑话可能非常难发笑。同样的道理，一则可以令英国人笑出泪来的笑话，俄国人听了可能感觉没什么可笑之处。
大多数让人发笑的故事都是依据喜剧情节撰写的。尽管民族不同，有的滑稽的情节却可以产生常见的成效。譬如说，不管你生活在哪儿，你看查理.卓别林的早期电影非常难不发笑。然而，近来一种新式幽默时尚了起来，这种幽默主要来自美国。它被叫作病态幽默。喜剧演员依据悲剧情节诸如暴死，重大事故等来编造笑话。很多人觉得这种笑话是低级庸俗的。下面是个病态幽默的实例，你可据此自己作出判断。
圣诞前几周，某人摔断了右腿被送进医院。从他进医院那一刻时，他就缠住大夫，让大夫告诉他什么时间能回家。他十分害怕在医院过圣诞节。尽管大夫竭力医治，但患者恢复缓慢。圣诞那天，他的右腿还上着石膏，他在床上郁郁不乐地躺了一天，想着他错过的种种欢乐。然而，第二天，大夫安慰他说，出院欢度新年的可能性还是非常大的，那人听后振作了精神。果然，除夕时他可以一瘸一拐地去参加晚会了。为了补偿住院这一段不愉快的历程，那人喝得稍很多了一点。在晚会上他尽情娱乐，一再告诉大伙他是多么讨厌医院。晚会结束时，他嘴里还在嘟哝着医院的事，忽然踩到一块冰上滑倒了，摔断了左腿。
新定义英语正版图书购买
自学导读
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．Thetaxiis a small Swiss aeroplane called aPilatus Porter.
这辆出租汽车是一架小型瑞士飞机，叫皮勒特斯波特号。
（1）taxi加引号是由于它不是一辆真正的出租汽车而是飞机。
（2）Swiss aeroplane是指瑞士生产的飞机。
（3） called aPilatus Porter是个过去分词短语，作aeroplane的定语，在乎思上和一个定语从句差不多，即which is called aPilatus Porter。一般说来，过去分词短语作定语时要放在所修饰的名词／代词之后，而一个单独的分词作定语时则总是放在所修饰的名词／代词前面：
It can land on a ploughed field.
它可以在耕过的田里降落。
He landed in a deserted car park.
他降落在了一个废弃的停车点上。
过去分词ploughed和deserted都坐落于它们所修饰的名词之前。
2．The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. 然而，最让人惊奇的是它可以在任何地方降落：雪地上，水面上，甚至刚耕过的田里。
（1）表示转折的连词however可以坐落于句首、句末或句中，其意义不变。大部分状况下它坐落于句中，前后用逗号隔开。
（2）从句 that it can land anywhere在句子中起表语用途，是表语从句，that为引导词，it代指this wonderful plane。
（3） on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field是 anywhere的同位语，举例说明这架飞机可以在什么地方降落。
3．Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places.弗西特机长已经载送乘客到过很多不一般的地方。
大家已经学过fly作为不及物动词的使用方法，其意义为飞、飞行：
The aeroplane is flying over the river.
飞机正从河上飞过。
在本课中，fly为及物动词，意思为空运（乘客）：
He has flown his car to France.
他已将他的汽车空运到法国。
语法 Grammar in use
一般过去时与目前完成时
在第5课的语法中大家已学过与一般过去时和目前完成时连用的一些时间状语，在第28课的语法中又复习了与目前完成时连用的时间状语。对比这两种时态时，大家一方面应该注意它们的时间状语有什么区别，其次应该注意一般过去时总是强调动作本身，而目前完成时则表示始于过去并持续到目前的动作或表示过去不确定的时间发生过的并与目前有某种联系的动作。
但介词for和since引导的时间状语一般与目前完成时连用，虽然for有时可以与一般过去时连用。
I painted the picture last month/five days ago.
我上个月／5天前画的这幅画。（一般过去时与具体时间连用）
词语学习 Word study
1．refuse与deny
当refuse作为及物／不及物动词表示拒绝同意时，不可与deny混用：
I offered to pay him for his help but he refused（payment）.
他帮助了我，为此我提出要酬谢他，但他拒绝同意（酬谢）。
但，当refuse作为及物动词表示拒绝给予、拒绝需要时，它与deny可以互相替换：
Captain Fawcett has just refused/denied a strange request from a businessman.
弗西特机长刚刚拒绝了一位商人的奇怪需要。
All those not holding tickets will be refused/denied entry.
无票者不能入内。
deny最常见的含义是不承认（指控、做过某事等），refuse则没这个意义：
The secretary denies that she has stolen the letter.
那秘书否认她偷了那封信。
2．bring，take与fetch
bring表示从某处将某物带来； take表示拿走；fetch则表示去某地将某物取来，是个双程的动作，（bring与take则表示单程的）：
If you're going to the kitchen, would you mind bringing me a glass of water please?
假如你去厨房的话，请给我带杯水来怎么样？
Did he bring you a gift last Sunday?
上星期天他给你带礼物了吗？
Please fetch me a glass of water.
请帮我取一杯水来。
Take this glass of water to your father.
把这杯水拿给你爸爸。
3．too与very
very与too都表示程度，very的意思是很、非常，too表示太、过于：
This bus is going very slowly.
这辆公共汽车走得很慢。（very只描述情况，不涉及后果）
This bus is going too slowly. I'll miss the train.
这辆公共汽车走得太慢了。我会赶不上火车的。（too表示太以至于引起某种后果）
Tom's very clever.
汤姆非常聪明。
Tom's too clever. He won't believe such a thing.
汤姆太聪明了，他不会相信这种事的。
训练答案 Key to written exercises
1．重点句型训练答案
A What happened：flew(1.6)；landed(1.8)；landed(1.9)；wanted(1.10)；did not take(1.11)
What has happened：has bought(1.1)； has begun(1.1)；has flown(11.7|8)；has just refused(11.9|10)
2．难题训练答案
1 bring 2 fetch 3 refused 4 deny 5 Very
3．多项选择题答案
1b 2c 3c 4b 5d 6b
7a 8b 9b 10b 11c 12b
New words and expressions
☆taxi n.出租汽车
taxi driver 出租司机
take a taxi / take a bus / take a lift
☆land vi.着陆
Whose plane landed in the field.
☆plough v.耕地
n.犁
farm 农田
☆lonely adj.偏僻的，人迹罕见的
lonely （人） 孤独的/ cold fish
She felt lonely.（感觉）（主观）
She is alone.（事实）（客观）
Home alone 一个人在家
☆roof n.楼顶
ceiling 天花板
raise the roof v.喧哗，大声抱怨
hit the ceilling (美口)勃然大怒，暴跳如雷
☆block n.一座大楼;块
a block of flats 公寓楼
office block 办公楼
☆flat n.公寓房
apartment 公寓（美）
a block of apartments 公寓楼
☆desert v.废弃 n.沙漠（重音迁移）
desert the house = let the room empty
text
☆captain 船长/机长
☆called
call sb sth.
The instument was called a clavichord.
be called 被叫做
The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'
called 在此句中为过去分词
过去分词作定语时，是作为被动语态来翻译的。|ing表示正在。
I have a cat called Lucy.
|ing; |ed 是非谓语动词
a ploughed field 被耕过的田
a deserted car park 被废弃的车场
written English 书面语
spoken English 口语
短语作定语时要后置
a race across the Atlantic(介词短语)
单个的词作定语时可放前边
★The most surprising thing is that...最让我惊讶的
To my surprise,....
surprising 可以由其他词替换
The most exciting thing is that...
The happiest thing is that I can stay with my mother.
☆the 不可以和所有格及形容词物主代词并存。
☆from ...to... 从...到...
☆since then / so far / up to now
since then 强调起点
so for / up to now 强调终点
from then 从...起
since then 从...起（到目前为止）
by then /by that time 到...为止
☆fly sb to..开飞机送某人去
My friend drove me to Tianjing.
drive sb to...开车送某人去
☆once 一次
on another occasion 还有一次
once i met him on the street and on another occasion I met him in the library.
★once...and on another occasion
☆request from 来自某人的请求
request for sth. 需要得到
☆take sb to school 送某人上学
☆too 在副词或形容词前表示否定含义
very 强调程度深
too 强调程度达到了大家不想去做
very expensive 买得起
too expensive 买不起
Sepcial difficulties
☆refuse / deny
refuse 拒绝
deny 不承认
refuse to do sth
deny doing /+从句
☆bring / take / fetch
bring 带来（离说话人愈加）
bring sth here
take 拿走（离说话人愈加远）
take there
fetch 取来（去了再回来）双向动词
☆sow / seed
sow 种下去
seed 把种子种下去
☆spot = place
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